To extend the service life of the upper checker bricks in the regenerator of glass furnaces with petroleum coke as fuel, the corrosion resistance of magnesia-chrome and alumina-chrome bricks with the similar apparent porosity was systematically researched. The results show that the Cr2O3 content and the microstructure present significant effects on the corrosion resistance. The molten corrosion reagent forms silicate and vanadate phases with low melting points between MgO crystals in magnesia-chrome bricks, and the volume strain generated by the melting and solidification process leads to the cracking and spalling of refractories, which intensifies the corrosion process. The encapsulation of alumina particles by alumina-chrome solid solutions in alumina-chrome bricks avoids contact with the low melting point liquid phases and improves the corrosion resistance of refractories.